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These are the sexual forms of the colony including prospective kings and queens of colonies yet to be established.
The reproductives reside in a central chamber in the nest where a femalequeen or queen, will put many thousands of eggs each year over her entire life span of approximately 10 years. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Numerous reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of every growth stage, gradually changing until they reach the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
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Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their stronger skin (cuticle) is able to resist the external environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of shed wings are a fantastic clue to termite infestations.
Officials have darker, larger heads than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is fixed by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, together with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
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Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a tacky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a very large head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The drywood termites, which utilize this particular strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the most damage.
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They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to work 24 hours a day during their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they are view mature enough, the young work within the colony in which occupations change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and sometimes low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly around 1km, although breezes and updrafts can take them much further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males quickly respond.
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They dig in and over the next few weeks, mate and look after their young until enough workers develop to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are occasionally created via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of this colony lose contact and eventually become independent.
The primary king and queen are thought to exude hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. But this control breaks down if the territory is too large or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work together in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which can be fed by adult termites. They then develop into four kinds or castes of termite:
Soldiers have large, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are tougher than other castes and might take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the greatest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for most damage.
Reproductives which are darker in colour to other castes, have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of future colonies.
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The temperature, food quality, and action of the colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite to develop from egg to adult.
Nests and tunnels are stored moist because worker termites cannot stand low humidity for long intervals. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but seldom changes more than one degree every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.